Interestingly, the previously screened JWA agonist JAC1 could inhibit breast-cancer proliferation by ubiquitinating the expression of HER2 [30], whereas our current study found that JAC4 was superior to JAC1 in terms of tumor suppression in LUAD, which is possibly attributable to the difference in transcription factors necessary for the activation of JWA by the two different compounds: JAC1 activates JWA expression via the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) [39], whereas JAC4 promotes JWA expression mainly by reducing the nuclear translocation of CTBP1. Here, CTBP1 is linked to breast cancer.