To address this issue and gain new insights into the molecular networks underlying autoimmunity, we investigated the interaction of UBASH3A with PTPN22 (located on human chromosome 1p13.2 and on mouse chromosome 3qF2.2), another well-established risk factor for multiple distinct autoimmune diseases including T1D [26,27,28]. This evidence concerns the gene UBASH3A and autoimmune disease.