By regulating oxidative stress and the TGF-β/MAPK signaling pathway, the peptide DHNNPQIR-NH2 (DR8), a breakdown byproduct of the natural peptide RAP (YWDHNNPQIR) which is isolated from rapeseed protein, has been demonstrated to have a protective effect against pulmonary fibrosis [52]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.