TGFB1 and neoplasm: Moreover, especially when incomplete, locoregional treatments can also induce immunosuppressive factors (such as IL-6, VEGF, HIF-1α, TGF-β, PD-1 and PD-L1), stimulate the accumulation of Tregs in the tumor and cause lymphopenia, leading to tumor progression in the end [106,107,108,109,110].