NOD2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: NOD1 and NLRP3 seem to contribute to the development of obesity, IR and low-grade inflammation, primarily via the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while NOD2 and NLRP12 are thought to oppose metabolic disturbances, NOD2 via the induction of the transcription factor IRF4, and NLRP12 via alteration of the microbiota.