CCL2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Our results indicate that CTE supplementation prevents the obesity-induced upregulation of several proinflammatory markers such as Mcp-1, IL-6, IL-1β or Tnf-α. These results agree with our previous study, in which supplementation with CTE decreased the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in arterial tissue from mice with MetS [26].