Obesity was associated with an upregulation of the gene expression of the inflammatory markers Mcp-1 (p < 0.01; Figure 9A), IL-6 (p < 0.01; Figure 9A), IL-10 (p < 0.01; Figure 9A) and Tnf-α (p < 0.001; Figure 9A), and with an upregulation of the mRNA levels of Nox-1 (p < 0.05; Figure 9B) and Ho-1 (p < 0.001; Figure 9B). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.