The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was then performed on the significant DEGs screened from the FGF9-treated and control groups, with the most enriched category being glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate, followed by malaria, the roles of advanced glycation end-product (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathways in diabetic complications, and ECM receptor interactions. Here, FGF9 is linked to malaria.