The presence of certain transcription factors, including recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ), zinc finger BED-domain-containing protein 2 (ZBED2), ETS variant transcription factor 1 (ETV1), inhibitor of DNA binding 3 (ID3), MAF, BLIMP-1, and EOMES, was also determined to be a characteristic of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells in a study conducted with melanoma patients [82]. The gene discussed is ID3; the disease is melanoma.