In our study, we examined the associations between HIF1A and VEGFA gene variants, which act as a proxy for exposure to increased hypoxia-inducible pathway activity and angiogenesis stimulation, and the occurrence of comorbidities (NEC, BPD, IVH, RDS, DWMI, and ROP) in newborns born on or before the 32nd week of gestation. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and necrotizing enterocolitis.