Thus, the main objective of our analysis is to comprehensively examine the associations between HIF1A SNPs (rs11549465 and rs11549467) and VEGFA SNPs (rs2010963 and rs833061) with the occurrence of NEC, BPD, IVH, RDS, DWMI, or ROP, taking into account the presence of hypoxia at birth. Here, VEGFA is linked to retinopathy of prematurity.