HIF1A and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: In our study, we examined the associations between HIF1A and VEGFA gene variants, which act as a proxy for exposure to increased hypoxia-inducible pathway activity and angiogenesis stimulation, and the occurrence of comorbidities (NEC, BPD, IVH, RDS, DWMI, and ROP) in newborns born on or before the 32nd week of gestation.