After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, hypertension, smoking, cystatin C, proteinuria, homocysteine, and FHS, ordinal logistic regression showed that the differences in age (OR = 1.079, 95% CI = 1.044~1.114, p < 0.001) and proteinuria (OR = 0.587, 95% CI = 0.359~0.670, p = 0.034) among the three groups remained statistically significant (Table 3). Here, CST3 is linked to Hypertension.