The available evidence from preclinical and clinical studies shows similarities in the expression of immunological, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, HMGB1, TNF-α, TLRs, and PX27, implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM and epileptic seizures. Here, HMGB1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.