IRS1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: On the other hand, a study showed that indapamide significantly outperforms canagliflozin in terms of HbA1c% reduction, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) expression, and reductions in NF-B and CD68 expression, [26] providing the superiority of indapamide use in hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients over other antihypertensive agents.