Bone-related proteins, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), mediate a link between cardiovascular comorbidities and diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, CKD, atherosclerosis, HF, vascular calcification, and the occurrence of AF [192]. The gene discussed is TNFRSF11B; the disease is atherosclerosis.