TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, NK cells can be recruited by C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), produced in activated CD103+DCs (dendritic cells), into the tumor microenvironment to express granzyme B, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to kill HCC cells [21].