Similar cytokine profiles of high TNF-α and low interferon γ, as well as both alternative and classic complement pathways, in addition to the resemblance between immunocomplexes found in rheumatoid pericardial effusion and synovia, suggest similar pathogenesis of local inflammation in synovia and serosal membranes in RA [129,131]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and rheumatoid arthritis.