AKT1 and Cognitive impairment: Under the intervention of EMPs, the main manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases, including memory and cognitive impairment, motor retardation, and pathological features, such as abnormal protein Aβ, NFTs, α-syn, and mHtt accumulation, were improved, depending on at least one of the following aspects: (1) By promoting AKT phosphorylation, inhibiting the MAPK pathway, inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase3/9, and repairing mitochondrial defects, the EMPs reduced the abnormal apoptosis of functional neurons.