STAT3 and complex regional pain syndrome: Some researchers also found that aminopeptidase N (ANPEP), histidine decarboxylase (HDC), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (G-CSF3R), Talin1 (TLN1), signal transducer, and the activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene expression, were significantly increased in CRPS patients, and were also all involved in signal transduction, cell motility, and immunity [9].