Infections were common even after infancy; 16/55 (29.1%) had at least one hospital visit for recurrent or complicated middle ear infections, 6 (10.9%) had three or more urinary tract infections, 1 had chronically elevated creatinine and cystatin c levels indicating kidney dysfunction but normal kidney ultrasound results, and 5 (9.1%) had tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy performed. This evidence concerns the gene CST3 and urinary tract infection.