Furthermore, in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, YKL-40 was proposed as a marker of the efficacy of biologic treatment [43], whereas in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, YKL-40 levels were associated with viral load and poor virologic control, as well as immune dysregulation and microbial translocation [44]. Here, CHI3L1 is linked to juvenile idiopathic arthritis.