From the analysis of the selected papers, we identified three main thematic areas: (1) correlative studies between TSPO PET findings and glioma tumor grading, molecular profiling, or post-recurrence survival; (2) comparative studies between TSPO PET and amino-acid PET and/or MRI; (3) kinetics, methodological, or feasibility studies. This evidence concerns the gene TSPO and central nervous system cancer.