For hypospadias, also the molecular mechanism is complex, many genes are implicated (e.g., AR, ATF3, ATF3, BMP4, BMP7, BNC2, CTGF, CYP1A1, CYR61, DGKK, EGESR1, ESR2, FGF8, FGFR2, GSTM1, GSTT1, HOXA4, HOXB6, HSD17B3, HSD3B2, MAMLD1, MID1, SF1, SRD5A2, WT1 [28,38,59,71,72]; CYP11a1, CYP17a1, HES3, HSD3b1, INSL1, SF1, STAR, STAT3 [73], DGKK, STS, ZEB1 [27], EFNB2 [40], or NR5A1 [74]), genes that physiologically are involved in the development of the male external genitalia in an indifferent stage or in the hormone-dependent stage. The gene discussed is BMP4; the disease is hypospadias.