Walnut Phenolic Extract (WPE) (20 mg/kg) via oral gavage for 2 weeksAcute colitis:C57BL/6 mice given 4% DSS for 5 daysChronic colitis:IL-10 (-/-) miceInflammation-cancer model:AOM + 2% DSS × 3 cycles. Here, IL10 is linked to infectious otitis media.