CXCR4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: 68Ga-pentixafor is an agent that exhibits high affinity and selectivity for the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), which is involved in various biological processes, including HIV entry, metastasis development, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis [37,38] In addition to the detection of various tumors, 68Ga-pentixafor proved to be a promising candidate for detecting high-risk atherosclerotic plaques that exhibit intense inflammatory reactions and hypoxic conditions [36].