Moreover, Dai and colleagues developed a phase I clinical trial where they used a combination of ascites-derived exosomes (Aex) and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the immunotherapy of CRC, showing that immunotherapy with Aex in combination with GM-CSF was safe and could be an option for advanced CRC patients [128]. Here, CSF2 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.