MMP9 and glioblastoma: EMT-related genes (CD44, TWIST1, CDH2, FN1, VIM, YAP1), angiogenesis/migration-related genes (MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, VEGFA), hypoxia-related genes (HIF1A, PLAT), stemness-related genes (SOX2, PROM1, NES, FOS), and genes involved in the Wnt signalling pathway (DKK1, FZD7) were all upregulated in GBM samples vs. normal brain samples in several cohorts, as seen in 3D cultures when compared to 2D cultures, which were verified in previous biological experiments [36,37,38,39,40].