IL-8 (and IL-8 like chemokines in mice) is an integral pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages and shown to promote neutrophil recruitment and activation that triggers tissue and organ damage in several pathologies such as COPD, asthma, scleroderma and cystic fibrosis [32,33]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.