A previous GWAS in EUR populations found variants (e.g., rs55781567) at the 15q25.1 CHRNA5 locus associated with tobacco smoking and lung cancer risk only in individuals with a history of smoking (OR = 1.33, P = 1.83 × 10−78, MAF = 0.39)16,18,19,31. Here, CHRNA5 is linked to lung cancer.