HP and infection: Our results showed that althoughviral infection was conductedin the EC (MEC and LEC), JNK3 overexpression is also observed in theHp, concluding that changes in the EC can directly influence its mainafferent areas, such as the Hp, leading to aberrant network activityas it has been observed in mouse models and human AD patients.68,69 More importantly, we demonstrated that JNK3 overexpression was associatedwith a behavioral impairment of associative memory, assessed by theNORT.