Treatment with siRNA-GBSA(CHI/TA)5 NPs significantly retained the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae (known for their beneficial roles in both IBD animal models and patients) (51), Muribaculaceae (a major mucin monosaccharide forager that acts as an ecological gatekeeper in healthy guts) (52), and Bifidobacteriaceae (a common intestinal probiotic species that regulates intestinal flora) (53). Here, MUC5AC is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.