We measured serum concentrations of neurofilament light chains (Nfl), tau protein, and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) as validated biomarkers of neuronal injury (31, 32) in patients with mild and severe sepsis [mild, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score ≤ 8; severe, SOFA score > 8; table S7]. The gene discussed is NEFL; the disease is Sepsis.