In this Phase 2 study, we used three of these methods to improve the outcome of patients with advanced sarcomas, namely, Talimogene laherparepvec (an oncolytic virus expressing a cytokine GM-CSF transgene) for maturation of dendritic cells and recruitment of host immune cells into the tumor microenvironment, nivolumab, a PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, and trabectedin (a marine derived alkaloid that favors polarization to M1 macrophages). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.