IL-4/IL-10 stimulation shifts alveolar macrophages to M2 macrophages in patients with fibrotic ILD by inducing activation of STAT3 [75]; IL-6 acts on IL-6 receptor alpha (IL-6Rα) bound to the surface membrane of macrophages, which activates STAT3 and promotes M2 polarization mediated by IL-4 and IL-13. Here, STAT3 is linked to interstitial lung disease.