KRAS and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: The EBV present in NPC cells typically exhibit a latency type II pattern, suggesting that LMP1 plays a role in the oncogenesis of this type of cancer.91 Somatic mutations have been reported in CDNK2A, CCND1, ARID1A, AKT2, TP53, KRAS, and PIK3CA.92 Genomic analyses of the EBV in NPC specimens revealed that certain nucleotide variations, especially in the BALF2 gene, are highly associated with an increased risk of NPC, in the region-dependent manner93,94; this suggests the contribution of viral lytic cycle in the carcinogenesis.