Under MTX treatment, treatment of colon cancer cells with CAFs-derived exosomal miR-24-3p promoted tumor growth and malignant progression, and mechanistic experiments showed that miR-24-3p accelerated the resistance of colon cancer cells to MTX by targeting the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2)/HPEH regulatory axis (110). Here, CDX2 is linked to colonic neoplasm.