ZFHX3 and carcinoma: This model has been approved in two cases: (i) Van Roy et al. (2006) have demonstrated that nonsyntenic coamplification of proto-oncogene MYC and the AT motif binding factor 1 (ATBF1) was achieved through this model; (ii) Röijer et al. confirmed that the tumor-associated genes HMGIC and MDMD2 in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma co-amplified and overexpressed in the form of eccDNAs generated by this model.