CRMP1 and autism: Specifically, lactate dehydrogenase A and B (LDH-A, LDH-B), collapsin response mediator proteins 1 and 2 (CRMP1, CRMP2), Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), stress-induced phosophoprotein 1 (STIP1), and guanine deaminase (GDA) have been identified as specific autoantibodies that are reactive towards the fetal brain and that are associated with an outcome of ASD in children (termed maternal autoantibody-related or MAR autism [42,43,44]).