In terms of macrominerals, maternal magnesium deficiency and calcium deficiency affect the methylation of CpG island regions of hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 (Hsd11b2) [119] and hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1 (Hsd11b1) [118], respectively, leading to the impairment of glucocorticoid metabolism in the developing fetus. Here, HSD11B1 is linked to magnesium deficiency.