TNFSF11 and osteoporosis: The RANKL inhibitor denosumab effectively elevates OPG protein expression and inhibits RANKL protein expression, resulting in increased calcium and phosphorus deposition in bone tissue and decreased deposition in blood vessels, providing relief for both vascular calcification and osteoporosis; effectively inhibits the progression of CAC in dialysis patients and abrogates bone calcification in severe cases with high bone turnover rates [183].