ADSL and Immunodeficiency: Then, by signaling through the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways, a series of related enzymes are triggered that activate intracellular signaling through extracellular cascades, eventually inducing upregulation in the expression of various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) by genes in the genome, so that the corresponding secretion of AMPs significantly increases and invading pathogens are inhibited or killed [18].