Bioinformatic analysis of the RNAseq database of human samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, accessed using the Xena browser), indicated that P2X4 mRNA was upregulated in a cohort of primary ccRCC (n = 945), compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues (Fig. 1A, p = 0.0032). This evidence concerns the gene P2RX4 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.