For post-treatment samples, higher CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD8+CD127+ T cells, and CD8+KLRG1+ T cells in post-NAC tumor tissue were significantly associated with longer DFS (Fig. 6a–d), whereas higher CD20+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD8+CD127+ T cells and CD8+KLRG1+ T cells in post-NAPC tumor tissue were significantly associated with longer DFS (Fig. 6e–i), which was consistent with the previous study in which the improved immune cell infiltration after treatment was associated with better survival in advanced NSCLC31. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.