We demonstrated that higher pre-treatment CD4+FoxP3+ T cells predicted shorter DFS in NAC (Supplementary Fig. 10a), whereas higher pre-treatment CD20+ B cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD8+CD127+ T cells predicted longer DFS in NAPC (Supplementary Fig. 10b–d), suggesting that pre-treatment B cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD8+CD127+ T cells are the mainstay in mediating the anti-tumor immune responses during PD-1 blockade therapy20,29,30. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.