For example, hyperinsulinemia, which is associated with insulin resistance in T2DM may increase SNS activity that worsens the cardiovascular complication (Russo et al., 2021), and the direct effect of insulin on promoting postganglionic symN activity using cultured rat SCG symNs has been demonstrated (Wolinsky et al., 1985). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperinsulinemia.