ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The latter produces TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, leptin, adiponectin, MCP, angiotensinogen, resistin, and other cytokines and chemokines (Kanda et al., 2006; Shoelson et al., 2007; Antonopoulos et al., 2015) that serve as the pathologic link between obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes (Nikolajczyk et al., 2011).