Adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, YKL-40 (chitinase-3-like-protein-1), osteopontin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are all produced by adipocytes and stimulate cancer growth, progression, and metastasis (Quail and Dannenberg, 2019). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and cancer.