CD274 and cancer: It is reported that statins downregulate the expression of PD-L1 in melanoma and lung cancer cells through AKT and β-catenin signaling pathway, and inhibit the secretion of PD-L1-rich extracellular vehicles (EVs) from cancer cells (Lim et al., 2021; Nam et al., 2021; Choe et al., 2022).