Lacour et al148 found that PD-L1 expression increased in 35% patients with recurrent NSCLC after platinum-dependent chemotherapy; however, compared with the adjuvant chemotherapy group, PD-L1 expression was upregulated in only 12.5% cases of NSCLC with recurrence in the group without adjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting that the chemotherapy may increase PD-L1 expression. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.