IFNG and non-small cell lung carcinoma: The PD-L1 mRNA 3′ UTR is directly bound by miR-513, thereby reducing IFN-γ-stimulated PD-L1 expression in cholangiocytes.108 Experiments using NSCLC cell lines and tissue samples from patients with NSCLC, and analysis of the miRNA target-predicting databases, demonstrated that PD-L1 expression is directly suppressed by miR-34.109 Similarly, luciferase reporter assays have revealed that PD-L1 is a target of miR-873 in breast cancer, miR-200c in TNBC, miRNA-148a-3p and miRNA-93-5p in colorectal cancer, and miR-138-5p in NSCLC.110–114