For health-related factors, those with higher serum α-Klotho levels never smoked (current smoker, past smoker, and never smoker; 719.62, 797.65, and 815.98 pg/mL), did not drink alcohol (drinker vs. non-drinker; 783.50 vs. 875.76 pg/mL), and were never diagnosed with hypertension (yes vs. no; 772.09 vs. 810.22 pg/mL). Here, KL is linked to hypertensive disorder.