RIGI and viral infectious disease: During viral infections, PRRs such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), RIG-I-like receptors (RLR), and NOD-like receptors (NLR), recognize viral nucleic acid to trigger signaling cascades dependent on proteins including the adaptor protein mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and the kinase TRAF-associated factor binding kinase 1 (TBK1).