However, studies in other free-ranging ungulates (Oreamnos americanus, Ovibos moschatus) that used sequential Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injections during the hair growth period to simulate chronic HPA axis stimulation demonstrated higher HCC in the hair of experimentally treated animals compared with controls (Dulude-de Broin et al., 2019; Di Francesco et al., 2021). The gene discussed is POMC; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.