HIF inhibition may also be effective for retinal vascular diseases in which HIFs and/or retinal ischemia plays a central role, but for which anti-VEGF therapies have proven inadequate, including von Hippel–Lindau disease (63, 64), Coats disease (65, 66), Norrie’s disease (67, 68), and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) (69). Here, VEGFA is linked to retinal ischemia.