Although HIRA complex is diffusively distributed in the nuclei of proliferating somatic cells, it accumulates in PML NBs upon various stresses such as senescence entry (Banumathy et al., 2009; Jiang et al., 2011; Rai et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2005), viral infection (Cohen et al., 2018; McFarlane et al., 2019; Rai et al., 2017), or interferon type I (IFN-I) treatment (McFarlane et al., 2019; Rai et al., 2017), which encompasses IFNα and IFNβ cytokines. The gene discussed is PML; the disease is viral infectious disease.